SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS, INC.

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

Dear Safeguard Shareholder:

You are invited to attend the Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. 20202023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. This year’s annual meeting will be conducted solely as a virtual meeting over the Internet. You will be able to attend our 20202023 annual meeting via live webcast by visiting: www.meetingcenter.io/232812760meetnow.global/MKKMNCH and entering the control number and password included inin: (i) the Notice of Internet availability of our proxy materials or (ii) other proxy materials that will be mailed to shareholders on or about April 6, 2020.2023. Please see the “Questions and Answers about the Proxy Materials and our Annual Meeting” section below for detailed instructions regarding attendance at this year’s virtual annual meeting.

YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT TO US. The accompanying proxy statement contains important information, including a description of the business that will be acted upon at the meeting, voting procedures, and documentation required to attend the meeting. We encourage you to read the proxy statement and (i) vote by proxy over the Internet or by telephone or (ii) if you received paper copies of the proxy materials by mail, vote by following the instructions on the proxy card or voting instruction form. Voting over the Internet or by telephone or completing and returning a proxy card or voting instruction form will ensure your representation at our virtual annual meeting, regardless of whether you plan to attend the virtual annual meeting.

April 6, 2020 2023	By Order of the Board of Directors,
	G. Matthew Barnard, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE
ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON MAY 20, 202024, 2023

The Notice of Annual Meeting, Proxy Statement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019,2022, are available at www.envisionreports.com/SFE.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROXY STATEMENT

FOR ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

Proxy Statement – Summary

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this Proxy Statement, but does not contain all of the information you should consider. You should read the entire Proxy Statement carefully before voting.

Questions and Answers about the Proxy Materials and our Annual Meeting

Why am I receiving these materials?

We have made these materials available to you in connection with the solicitation by our Board of proxies for proposals that will be presented for a vote at our annual meeting and at any reconvened or rescheduled meeting following any adjournment or postponement of our annual meeting, which will take place on May 20, 2020,24, 2023, at 8:00 a.m. ET, virtually via live webcast at www.meetingcenter.io/232812760.at: meetnow.global/MKKMNCH. As a shareholder, you are invited to attend our annual meeting virtually and vote on the proposals described in the proxy statement. The proxy statement includes information that we are required to provide to you under SEC rules and is designed to assist you in making an informed decision on how to vote your shares.

Why did I receive a notice in the mail regarding the Internet availability of proxy materials instead of a paper copy of the full set of proxy materials?

In accordance with SEC rules, we are providing our shareholders of record at the close of business on March 25, 202022, 2023 with access to the proxy materials over the Internet for our annual meeting. We believe that this process expedites receipt of the proxy materials by our shareholders, reduces the cost of our annual meeting and conserves natural resources. The Notice contains instructions on how to access our proxy materials over the Internet and how to vote online. The Notice is not itself a proxy card and should not be returned with voting instructions. As described in the Notice, you will not receive a printed copy of our annual meeting proxy materials (including a proxy card) unless you specifically request paper copies or have previously asked to receive paper copies. You may request printed copies of our proxy materials free of charge by following the instructions contained in the Notice. For shareholders who have previously elected delivery of our proxy materials electronically, those shareholders should receive an email containing a link to the website where those materials are available.

How can I attend the annual meeting?

This year’s annual meeting will be conducted solely as a virtual meeting over the Internet. You will be able to attend our 20202023 annual meeting via live webcast at www.meetingcenter.io/232812760.at: meetnow.global/MKKMNCH. You are entitled to attend our annual meeting only if you were a Safeguard shareholder as of the close of business on March 25, 2020,22, 2023, or if you hold a valid proxy for our annual meeting. You will be able to attend the annual meeting online and submit your questions during the meeting by visiting www.meetingcenter.io/232812760.visiting: meetnow.global/MKKMNCH. You also will be able to vote your shares online if you register to attend, and attend, the annual meeting pursuant to the instructions below.

To participate in the annual meeting, you will need to review the information included on your Notice, on your proxy card or on the instructions that accompanied your proxy materials. The password for the meeting is SFE2020. If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance using the instructions below.

The meeting will begin promptly at 8:00 a.m. ET. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time.

How do I register to attend the annual meeting virtually on the internetinternet?

If you are a registered shareholder (i.e., you hold your shares through our transfer agent, Computershare), you do not need to register in advance to attend the annual meeting virtually on the Internet. Please follow the instructions on the Notice or proxy card that you received to attend the annual meeting.

If you hold your shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance to attend the annual meeting virtually on the Internet.

To register in advance to attend the annual meeting online by webcast you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy) reflecting your Safeguard holdings along with your name and email address to Computershare. Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on May 14, 2020.18, 2023.

You will receive a confirmation of your registration by email after Computershare receives your registration materials. Requests for registration should be directed as follows:

By email: Forward the email from your broker, or attach an image of your legal proxy, toto: legalproxy@computershare.com

By mail:

Computershare

Safeguard Legal Proxy

P.O. Box 43001

Providence, RI 02940-3001

In addition, we expect that the vast majority of beneficial holders will be able to fully participate in the annual meeting using the control number received with their voting instruction form. Please note, however, that this option is intended to be provided as a convenience to beneficial holders only, and there is no guarantee this option will be available for every type of beneficial holder voting control number. The inability to provide this option to any or all beneficial holders shall in no way impact the validity of the annual meeting. To ensure full participation in the annual meeting, beneficial holders should register in advance of the annual meeting as described above.

What if I have technical problems accessing the annual meeting virtually?

The virtual meeting platform is fully supported across MS Edge, Firefox, Chrome and Safari browsers and devices (desktops, laptops, tablets and cell phones) running the most up-to-date version of applicable software and plugins. Please note that Internet Explorer is no longer supported. Participants should ensure that they have a strong WiFi connection wherever they intend to participate in the meeting. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time. A link on the meeting page will provide further assistance should you need it, or you may call in the U.S. & Canada: 1-888-724-2416 or 1-781-575-2748.

How many shares must be present to hold the annual meeting?

To hold our annual meeting, a quorum must be present and represented by proxy. A quorum is a majority of our outstanding shares entitled to vote as of March 25, 2020.22, 2023. Abstentions and broker non-votes are treated as present at our annual meeting for purposes of establishing a quorum. For purposes of determining whether a quorum exists, we count as present any shares that are voted over the Internet, by telephone, by mail or that are represented at our virtual annual meeting. If a quorum is not present, we expect to adjourn our annual meeting until we obtain a quorum.

Who can vote on the matters to be presented for a vote at the annual meeting?

You are entitled to vote your shares of common stock on the matters to be presented for a vote at our annual meeting and any adjournments, continuations, reschedulings or postponements that may take place if you were a shareholder at the close of business on March 25, 2020,22, 2023, the record date for our annual meeting. On the record date, we had 20,649,20516,262,973 shares of common stock, $0.10 par value (the “Common Stock”), issued and outstanding, each of which entitles the holder to one vote for each matter to be voted on at our annual meeting. In the election of directors, shareholders have cumulative voting rights and may elect to cumulate their votes as described below.

What does cumulative voting mean?

Since Safeguard is a Pennsylvania corporation, Safeguard’s shareholders have cumulative voting rights under the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law. Cumulative voting applies only in the election of directors. Cumulative voting means that a shareholder has the right to give any one director candidate who has been properly placed in nomination a number of votes equal to the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of Safeguard shares the shareholder is entitled to vote, or to distribute such votes on the same principle among as many properly nominated director candidates (up to the number of persons to be elected) as the shareholder may wish. For example, since four directors are standing for election at the annual meeting, if you hold 100 shares of Safeguard stock as of the Record Date, you may cast 400 votes (4 times 100) in the election of directors. You may distribute those votes among as few or as many of the four nominees as you wish. In other words, in the example provided, you may cast all 400 votes FOR one nominee or allocate your 400 votes among two or more nominees, as long as the total equals 400 votes.

How can I cumulate my votes in the election of directors at the annual meeting?

If you are a shareholder of record and choose to cumulate your votes, you will need to request, complete, and submit a proxy card by mail and follow the instructions on the proxy card for allocating your votes. If you vote cumulatively, please check to be sure that the votes you cast add up to the number of shares you own multiplied by four. If the number of votes does not add up correctly, your votes will not be counted until a properly completed proxy card has been received. If you provide vote allocation instructions for less than all of the votes that you are entitled to cast, the proxy holders will have discretionary authority to cast your remaining votes pursuant to the instructions of the Board, except for any nominee for whom you have withheld authority by marking the “FOR ALL EXCEPT” box. If you wish to grant the proxy holders discretionary authority to allocate votes among all our nominees, you may check the “FOR ALL NOMINEES” box, but you are not required to do so. The proxy holders will retain discretionary authority to allocate votes among all our nominees except where you provide a specific instruction by hand marking the number of votes to be allocated or by marking the “FOR ALL EXCEPT” box.

If you are the beneficial owner of shares held in street name and wish to vote cumulatively, you will need to contact your broker, bank or other custodian holder of your shares before the day of our annual meeting. Because each broker, banker or custodian has its own procedures and requirements, a shareholder holding shares in street name who wishes to allocate votes to specific nominees should contact its broker, banker or other custodian for specific instructions on how to provide vote allocation instructions.

The cumulative voting feature for the election of directors also is not available if you vote by telephone or the Internet. Further, automated cumulative voting on the day of our annual meeting is not available.If you have any questions regarding cumulative voting, please email us at ir@safeguard.com.

What is the difference between holding shares as a “shareholder of record” and as a “beneficial owner”?

Most of Safeguard’s shareholders hold their shares through a broker, bank or other nominee rather than directly in their own name. There are important distinctions between shares held of record and those owned beneficially.

Shareholder of Record. If your shares are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare, you are considered the shareholder of record with respect to those shares. By voting before our annual meeting by Internet, by telephone or by submitting a proxy card, you will have granted your voting proxy to Safeguard and your shares will be voted as you have instructed. You also may cast your vote directly by voting at our annual meeting.

Beneficial Owner. If your shares are held in street name (such as in a brokerage account or by another nominee, such as a bank or trust company), you are considered the beneficial owner of the shares. You have the right to direct your broker or other nominee with respect to how to vote your shares, which you can do by Internet, by telephone or by voting instruction form (depending on the voting procedures of your broker or other nominee) before our annual meeting. You also are invited to attend, and may vote at, our annual meeting.

How do I vote my shares?

You are encouraged to vote prior to our annual meeting to ensure that your shares will be represented. If you are a shareholder of record, you have three ways to vote prior to our annual meeting:

You also may vote at our annual meeting. If you vote by Internet or by telephone, or wish to attend and/or vote at our annual meeting, you will need to use the control number provided in your Notice or other proxy materials you received. Telephone and Internet voting will close at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on May 19, 2020.

If you hold your shares through a broker or other nominee, please follow the directions provided to you by your broker or other nominee; your ability to vote over the Internet or by telephone depends on the voting procedures of your broker or other nominee. Beneficial owners also may attend and vote at our annual meeting, but will need to register in advance of the annual meeting in accordance with the above instructions under “How do I register to attend the annual meeting virtually on the internet.”

How does Safeguard’s Board recommend I vote and what vote is required for adoption or approval of each matter to be voted on?

Unless a contrary choice is specified, proxies solicited by our Board will be voted for the election of all four director nominees named in this proxy statement and recommended by our Board and for each of the other proposals referenced above.

Are there other matters to be voted on at the annual meeting?

We do not know of any matters that may come before the annual meeting other than as discussed in this proxy statement. If any other matters are properly presented at the annual meeting, the persons named in the accompanying proxy card intend to vote, or otherwise act, in accordance with their judgment on the matter subject to compliance with Rule 14a-4(c) of the Exchange Act.

How will my shares be voted if I mark “Abstain” on my proxy card?

We will count a properly executed proxy card marked “Abstain” as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present, but abstentions will not be counted as votes cast for or against any given matter.

Who will serve as proxies for the annual meeting?

In soliciting your proxy, our Board is asking you to give your proxy to Brian J. Sisko,Mark Herndon, our Chief ExecutiveFinancial Officer, and President, and G. Matthew Barnard, our General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. Giving your proxy to Messrs. SiskoHerndon and Barnard means that you authorize Mr. Sisko,Herndon, Mr. Barnard, either of them or their duly appointed substitutes to vote your shares at our annual meeting in accordance with your instructions. All shares represented by a proxy will be voted, and where a shareholder specifies by means of the proxy a choice with respect to any matter to be acted upon, the shares will be voted in accordance with the specification so made.

If you elect to grant us your proxy and do not specifically instruct otherwise, you are authorizing the proxy holders to vote your shares in accordance with their discretion and at the instruction of the Board (or an authorized committee thereof), including to cumulate your votes in favor of certain nominees (rather than allocating votes equally among the nominees) and to determine the specific allocation of votes to individual nominees. You may withhold your authority to vote for one or more nominees, in which case the proxy holders will retain discretion to allocate your votes among our other nominees unless you specifically instruct otherwise. Under no circumstances may the proxy holders cast your votes for any nominee from whom you have withheld authority to vote.

For example, a proxy marked “FOR ALL EXCEPT” may only be voted for those of our director nominees for whom you have not otherwise specifically withheld authority to vote, a proxy marked “WITHHOLD VOTE FROM ALL NOMINEES” may not be voted for any of our director nominees, and a proxy marked “FOR ALL NOMINEES” may be voted for all of our director nominees. In exercising its discretion with respect to cumulating votes, our Board (or an authorized committee thereof) may instruct, in its sole discretion, the proxy holders to cumulate and cast the votes represented by your proxy for any of our director nominees for whom you have not otherwise withheld authority. For example, if you grant a proxy with respect to shares representing 400 cumulative votes, and mark “FOR ALL EXCEPT” one of our director nominees, our Board (or an authorized committee thereof) may instruct the proxy holders to cast the 400 votes for any or all of our three other director nominees; and of those three other director nominees, moreover, our Board (or an authorized committee thereof) may allocate the 400 votes among them as it determines, such that each of those other director nominees may receive unequal portions of the 400 votes or none at all.

What are my choices for casting my vote on each matter to be voted on?

How can I ask a question at the annual meeting?

If you have any questions relevant to the business to be voted on at our annual meeting, you may submit your question online through the Q&A text box on your screen.

Who will solicit proxies on behalf of the Board?

Proxies may be solicited on behalf of the Board by Safeguard’s directors and certain of its executive officers. The original solicitation of proxies by mail may be supplemented by telephone, telegram, facsimile, electronic mail, internet, other electronic means and personal solicitation by our directors and certain executive officers (who will receive no additional compensation for such solicitation activities). You may also be solicited by advertisements in periodicals, press releases issued by us and postings on our corporate website or other websites. Unless expressly indicated otherwise, information contained on our corporate website or other websites is not part of this proxy statement.

Who will bear the cost of the solicitation of proxies?

The entire cost of soliciting proxies, including the costs of preparing, assembling, printing and mailing this proxy statement, the proxy card and any additional soliciting materials furnished to shareholders, will be borne by Safeguard. Copies of solicitation material will be furnished to banks, brokerage houses, dealers, voting trustees, their respective nominees and other agents holding shares in their names, which are beneficially owned by others, so that they may forward such solicitation material, together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K to beneficial owners. In addition, if asked, we will reimburse these persons for their reasonable expenses in forwarding these materials to the beneficial owners.

A note about certain information contained in this proxy statement.

Filings made by companies with the SEC sometimes “incorporate information by reference.” This means that the company is referring you to information that has previously been filed with the SEC and that such information should be considered part of the filing you are then reading. The Audit Committee Report contained in this proxy statement is not incorporated by reference into any other filings with the SEC.

Where can I find the voting results of the annual meeting?

You can find the official results of the voting at our annual meeting in our Current Report on Form 8-K that we will file with the SEC within four business days after our annual meeting. If the official results are not available at that time, we will provide preliminary voting results in a Current Report on Form 8-K and will provide the final results in an amendment to the Form 8-K as soon as they become available.

What is a broker non-vote?

A broker non-vote occurs when your broker submits a proxy for the meeting with respect to the ratification of the appointment of our independent registered public accounting firm, but does not vote on non-discretionary matters, absent specific instructions from you.

Will my shares be voted if I do not vote by Internet or by telephone or do not sign and return a proxy card or voting instruction form?

Shareholder of Record. If you do not vote by Internet or by telephone or complete and return a proxy card, your shares will not be voted unless you attend our annual meeting and vote your shares. If you vote by Internet or by telephone and submit your vote without selecting any proposals individually, or if you sign and return a proxy card, but do not mark any boxes showing how you wish to vote, then the proxy holders designated by our Board to act on behalf of shareholders will vote your shares and cumulate your votes as recommended by our Board or a committee thereof and, in their discretion, will vote on any other matters that may properly arise at our annual meeting.

Beneficial Owner. If you hold shares through an account with a bank or broker, the voting of the shares by the bank or broker when you do not provide voting instructions is governed by the rules of the New YorkNASDAQ Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”Market, LLC (“NASDAQ”). These rules allow banks and brokers to vote shares in their discretion on “routine” matters for which their customers do not provide voting instructions. On matters considered “non-routine,” banks and brokers may not vote shares without your instruction. Shares that banks and brokers are not authorized to vote are referred to as “broker non-votes.” The ratification of the Audit Committee’s appointment of KPMGGrant Thornton LLP as Safeguard’s independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal 20202023 is considered a routine matter. Accordingly, if you do not vote by Internet or by telephone or do not otherwise provide your broker or other nominee with voting instructions, banks and brokers may vote shares on this proposal or may leave your shares unvoted, and there will be no broker non-votes with respect to this proposal. The other proposals will be considered non-routine, and banks and brokers therefore cannot vote shares on those proposals without your instructions. Please note that if you want your vote to be counted on those proposals, including the election of directors, you must instruct your bank or broker how to vote your shares. If you do not provide voting instructions, no votes will be cast on your behalf with respect to those proposals.

What do I do if I change my mind after I vote my shares?

If you are a shareholder of record, you may revoke your proxy and/or change your vote at any time prior to the closing of the polls at our annual meeting by:

If you are the beneficial owner of shares held in street name, you may submit new voting instructions by following the instructions provided by your broker or other nominee. You also may vote at the annual meeting, but will need to register in advance of the annual meeting in accordance with the above instructions under “How do I register to attend the annual meeting virtually on the internet.”

Who will count the votes?

A representative of Safeguard will count the votes and act as the judge of election.

What is Safeguard’s Internet address?

Our Internet website address is http:https://www.safeguard.com. You can access this proxy statement and Safeguard’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019,2022, as amended from time to time, on our website.website at www.safeguard.com/proxy. Safeguard’s filings with the SEC are available free of charge via a link from this address. The information contained on our website or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this proxy statement. All references to our website address are intended to be inactive textual references only.

What is “householding” and how does it affect me?

If you and other residents at your mailing address are the beneficial owner of shares held in street name, you may receive only one paper copy of our proxy materials or Notice, as applicable, unless you have provided contrary instructions. This practice is commonly referred to as “householding” and potentially provides extra convenience for shareholders and cost savings for companies. If you would like to receive a separate set of proxy materials or Notice in the future, please request the additional copy by contacting your broker or other nominee. If you wish to receive a separate set of proxy materials or Notice now, please request the additional copy by contacting Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.:

If you request a separate set of proxy materials or Notice by email, please be sure to include your control number in the subject line. A separate set of proxy materials or Notice will be sent promptly following receipt of your request.

How may I obtain a copy of Safeguard’s 20192022 Annual Report on Form 10-K?

Shareholders may request a free copy of our 20192022 Annual Report on Form 10-K by contacting:

Safeguard Scientifics, Inc.

Attention: Investor Relations

One150 N. Radnor Corp. Center, Suite 110Chester Rd.

100 Matsonford RoadSTE F-200

Radnor, PA 19087

Alternatively, shareholders can access our 20192022 Annual Report on Form 10-K on our website at: www.safeguard.com/proxy.

PROPOSAL NO. 1 — ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Our directors are elected annually and serve until our next annual meeting of shareholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. Maureen F. Morrison recently informed the Board that she would not stand for re-election to our Board. The Board expresses its sincere appreciation to Ms. Morrison for her dedication and service to Safeguard. Ms. Morrison will continue to serve on the Board, as well as the Audit Committee (Chair), Compensation Committee and Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee, until our annual meeting.

On November 5, 2019,March 7, 2023, the Board voted to decrease the sizenumber of members serving on the Board of Directors from six (6)five to four (4) members effective as of the 2020date of the annual meeting.

All of the fourdirector nominees, recommended by the Boardwhich are: Ross D. DeMont, Russell D. Glass, Joseph M. Manko, Jr. and Beth S. Michelson, are currently serving as directors, and eachdirectors. Each nominee has consented to serve as a nominee for election to the Board, to being named in this proxy statement and, if elected by Safeguard’s shareholders, to serve as membersa member of the Board until our next annual meeting.

As of the date of this proxy statement, Safeguard has no reason to believe that any nominee will be unable or unwilling to serve if elected as a director. However, if for any reason a nominee becomes unable to serve or for good cause will not serve if elected, the Board upon the recommendation of its Nominating and& Corporate Governance Committee may designate substitute nominees, in which event the shares represented by proxies returned to us will be voted for such substitute nominees. If any substitute nominees are so designated, Safeguard will file an amended proxy statement or additional soliciting material that, as applicable, identifies the substitute nominees, discloses that such nominees have consented to being named in the amended proxy statement or additional soliciting material and to serve as directors if elected, and includes certain biographical and other information about such nominees required by the applicable rules promulgated by the SEC.

The accompanying proxy card will not be voted for anyone other than the Board’s nominees or designated substitutes.

Director Nominee Experience and Qualifications

Our Board believes that directors should collectively possess a broad range of skills, expertise, knowledge and business experience that will enable the Board to fulfill its responsibilities, including providing effective oversight of our business. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee has developed a matrix of skills and experience that it has determined would be beneficial to have represented on our Board. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee regularly reviews the appropriate skills and experience required of directors in the context of the fit between Safeguard’s needs regarding its Board composition and the individual skills and experience of the current Board members.

The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee does not have a formal policy with respect to diversity. However, the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee’s charter provides that the committee shall “seek members from diverse backgrounds” and will evaluate nominees for election to our Board “with the objective of recommending a group that through its diversity of experience can provide relevant advice and counsel to management.” The Board and the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee believe that diversity must be viewed in a broad sense, including skills, experience, age, race, gender and ethnicity.

In considering whether to recommend any candidate for inclusion in the Board’s slate of recommended director nominees, the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee considers the needs of the Board as a whole as well as the staffing needs of each of its committees. With respect to the nomination of continuing directors for re-election, an individual’s past contributions to the Board also are considered. The Board monitors the effectiveness of this approach via an annual internal board and peer assessment, as well as ongoing director succession planning discussions by the Board and its Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. From time to time, the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee may conduct informal or formal searches and consider specific new candidates for potential nomination for election or for appointment to our Board. In considering potential director candidates, the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee seeks the following attributes for director nominees:

Our Board believes that all of the nominees named below are highly qualified and bring executive leadership skills and experience, resulting in a talented and diverse Board. The biography of each of our director nominees includes the specific experiences, qualifications, attributes and skills that caused the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee and our Board to determine that the individual should be nominated to serve as a director until our 20212024 annual meeting, given our business and structure.

The Board recommends a vote FOR each nominee. The four nominees who receive the highest number of affirmative votes will be elected as directors.

Career Highlights:

Experience and Qualifications: Mr. DeMont is currently Chief Investment Officer at the Rainin Group, Inc., which manages the assets of both a family office and the investments of the Kenneth Rainin Foundation. Previously, Mr. DeMont was a Managing Member and Portfolio Manager of Midwood Capital Management, a private investment partnership making concentrated investments in public companies. Before this role, Mr. DeMont was an Associate at Igoe Capital Partners, a hybrid public/private equity investment firm with a primary focus on the small- and micro-cap sectors. Mr. DeMont also worked at Presidio strategies in Mergers and Acquisitions and JP Morgan with a focus on Corporate Finance and Mergers and Acquisitions. He previously served on multiple Boards of Directors, including Desalitech, a private, venture backed company selling into the industrial water treatment industry and Sierra Monitor Corp. (Ticker: SRMC), focused on device connectivity and environmental instrumentation. Mr. DeMont graduated from Connecticut College with a BA in both Economics and Government and earned an MBA from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth.

Career Highlights:

Experience and Qualifications: Mr. Glass has experience relating to private equity, investment banking and serving as chief executive officer of a public company. Mr. Glass has experience serving on the boards of several public and private companies in a wide range of industries, including biotech, healthcare information technology, pharmacology, enterprise systems software, real estate, energy, and digital marketing.industries.

Career Highlights:

Experience and Qualifications: Mr. Manko has experience serving on the boards of several companies and has participated in numerous shareholder value creation strategies and monetizations.

Career Highlights:

Experience and Qualifications: During her tenure at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Ms. Morrison worked closely with clients concentrated in the technology industry dealing with acquisitions, international expansion, financing transactions, subjective technical matters and regulatory compliance. Ms. MorrisonMichelson is a certified public accountantprivate equity investor with more than two decades of building businesses globally. In addition to having served on audit and has extensive experience in accounting, finance, mergers and acquisitions and capital markets transactions.compensation committees, Ms. Morrison also has experience serving on other public company boards, including serving on the audit, risk management, capital allocation, and/or nominating and corporate governance committees of such boards. Since 2018, Ms. Morrison has served as an independent director on the Board of Directors of ePlus inc. She is also chair of its Audit Committee and a member of its Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. In 2019, Ms. Morrison joined the Board of Directors of Asbury Automotive Group as an independent director. SheMichelson is also a memberChartered Financial Analyst and has structured and deployed over $500 million of its Audit Committeeinvestment capital.

Skills and Capital Allocation and Risk Management Committee.

Career Highlights:

Experience and Qualifications: Dr. Rosenthal has 30 years of experience relating to companies involved in the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, medical devices and life sciences tools and technologies. His specific experience includes strategic planning and positioning; corporate, business and product development; operations management; capital markets transactions; debt and equity financings; fund-raising; merger and acquisition transactions; and corporate finance. Dr. Rosenthal also has significant public and private company board experience.Director Nominees

The following table includes the skills and qualifications of each director nominee that led our Board to conclude that the director nominee is qualified to serve on our Board.

Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The Board recommends a vote “FOR” the election of all four of the Board’s nominees:

Ross D. DeMont

Russell D. Glass

Joseph M. Manko, Jr., Maureen F. Morrison and Robert J. Rosenthal.

Beth S. Michelson

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND BOARD MATTERS

Safeguard’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter and Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee Charter are available at www.safeguard.com/governance.https://ir.safeguard.com/corporate-governance/documents-charters/. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is applicable to all employees of Safeguard, including each of our executive and financial officers, and the members of our Board. Safeguard will post information regarding amendments to or waivers from our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (to the extent applicable to Safeguard’s directors or executive officers) in the Corporate Governance section of our website. Our website is not part of this proxy statement. All references to our website address are intended to be inactive textual references only.

Board Independence. Safeguard’s common stock is listed on the NYSE.NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC (“NASDAQ”). To assist the Board in making independence determinations, the Board has adopted categorical standards that are reflected in our Corporate Governance Guidelines. Generally, under these standards, a director does not qualify as an independent director if any of the following relationships exist:

The Board has determined that Ross D. DeMont, Russell D. Glass, Joseph M. Manko, Jr., Maureen F. Morrison and Robert J. Rosenthal,Beth S. Michelson, and previously determined that former directors, Ira M. Lubert and John J. Roberts (each of whomdirector Maureen F. Morrison (who will not stand for re-election at this year’sthe 2023 annual meeting), meet the above independence standards and have no other direct or indirect material relationships with us other than their directorship; therefore, each of such directors is independent within the meaning of the NYSENASDAQ listing standards and satisfies the categorical standards contained in our Corporate Governance Guidelines.

Director Attendance at Meetings. The Board held sixeleven meetings in 20192022 and committees of the Board held a total of elevennine meetings. Each incumbent director who was on the Board in 20192022 attended 100% of the total number of meetings of the Board and committees of which he or she was a member while serving on the Board in 2019.2022. Each year, the Board meets on the same day as our annual meeting of shareholders. Although there is nowe do not have a policy requiring Board members to attend our annual meeting, all Board members are encouraged to attend and typically do so. All of our then directors attended our 20192022 annual meeting.

Executive Sessions of the Board. Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines and NYSENASDAQ listing standards, non-employee directors meet in executive session at each regularly scheduled Board meeting, outside of the presence of any management directors and any other members of Safeguard’s management. The Chairman of the Board presides at these sessions.

Leadership Structure and Committee Composition. Based upon the recommendation of our Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee, the Board has determined that separating the roles of the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board is in the best interests of the shareholders at the present time. The Board views the role of the Chief Executive Officer as having responsibility for the day-to-day leadership and performance of Safeguard, while the Chairman of the Board provides guidance to the Chief Executive Officer, sets the agenda for Board meetings and presides over meetings of the Board. The Chairman of the Board also coordinates the work of the Board committees and serves as the independent director primarily responsible for consultations and communications with shareholders.

Based on the recommendation of our Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee, our Board has determined that our current Board committee structure is the most appropriate for Safeguard, at present.

Diversity Matrix. (As of April 6, 2023)

The below Board Diversity Matrix reports self-identified diversity statistics for the Board in the format required by NASDAQ’s rules.

Audit Committee. The Audit Committee held four meetings during 2019.2022. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities, which are described in detail in its charter, include, among other duties, the responsibility to:

The Audit Committee has the sole authority to retain, set compensation and retention terms for, terminate and oversee the relationship with Safeguard’s independent registered public accounting firm (which reports directly to the Audit Committee). The Audit Committee also oversees the activities of the internal auditor, reviews the effectiveness of the internal audit function and approves the appointment of the internal auditor. The Audit Committee has the authority to obtain advice, counsel and assistance from internal and external legal, accounting or other advisors as the Audit Committee deems necessary to carry out its duties and to receive appropriate funding from Safeguard for such advice and assistance. Although the Audit Committee has the powers and responsibilities set forth in its charter, its role is oversight, and management has primary responsibility for the financial reporting process of Safeguard.

The Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the independence requirements established by SEC regulations, the NYSENASDAQ listing standards and our Corporate Governance Guidelines. The Board has also determined that Mr. DeMont, Mr. Glass, Mr. Manko and Ms. Morrison and Dr. RosenthalMichelson are “audit committee financial experts” within the meaning of the SEC regulations, and the Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee has accounting and related financial management expertise within the meaning of the NYSENASDAQ listing standards.

Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee held fivethree meetings during 2019.2022. The Compensation Committee’s responsibilities, which are described in detail in its charter, include, among other duties, the responsibility to:

It also is the responsibility of the Compensation Committee to assess Safeguard’s compensation policies and practices insofar as they may create risk for Safeguard. The Compensation Committee evaluates this risk annually and made the affirmative determination that it does not believe that any of our compensation policies and practices are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on Safeguard.

The Board has determined that each member of the Compensation Committee meets the independence requirements established by SEC regulations, the NYSENASDAQ listing standards and our Corporate Governance Guidelines.

Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee held two meetings during 2019.2022. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee’s responsibilities, which are described in detail in its charter, include, among other duties, the responsibility to:

The Board has determined that each member of the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee meets the independence requirements established in the NYSENASDAQ listing standards and by our Corporate Governance Guidelines.

Annual Performance Evaluations. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee annually assesses the performance of the Board and the individual performance of each Board member, based on input from all directors, and shares its assessment with the Board. The Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee also annually assess their respective performance and committee processes. The Chairman of the Board reviews the feedback received on individual director performance with each director and solicits suggestions for improving committee and Board performance.

Board Refreshment and Tenure. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines do not maintain term limits on the service of our directors.  The Board believes that term limits could result in the loss of directors who have been able to develop over time increasing insight into our business and operations and an institutional memory that benefits the entire membership of the Board.  Instead, the Nominating and& Corporate Governance Committee reviews annually each director’s continuation on the Board, which allows the director to confirm his or her desire to continue to serve and provides the Board an opportunity to refresh its membership when it deems appropriate.

There has been significant Board refreshment since 2017,2018, with threetwo of the four nominees for election to the Board at the annual meeting having joined the Board since such time.during or after 2018 and the remaining two nominees having joined the Board in 2022.

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines however, generally restrict a non-employee director who has reached his or her 75th75^th birthday prior to the date of our annual meeting of shareholders from being nominated for re-election to the Board.  However, the Nominating and& Corporate Governance Committee may, in special circumstances and where deemed in Safeguard’s best interests, grant an exception to this policy on an annual basis.

Review and Approval of Transactions with Related Persons. The Board has adopted a written policy that charges the Audit Committee with the responsibility of reviewing with management at each regularly scheduled meeting and determining whether to approve any transaction (other than a transaction that is available to all employees generally on a non-discriminatory basis) between us and our directors, director nominees and executive officers or their immediate family members. Between regularly scheduled meetings of the Audit Committee, management may preliminarily approve a related party transaction, subject to ratification of the transaction by the Audit Committee. If the Audit Committee does not ratify the transaction, management will make all reasonable efforts to cancel the transaction.

Risk Management. Our Board, as a whole and at the committee level, is actively involved in the oversight of risks that affect Safeguard’s business. The Compensation Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of risks relating to our compensation plans and arrangements. The Audit Committee oversees the management of financial related risks and related party transactions. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee manages risks associated with the independence of our Board and potential conflicts of interest. Although the oversight of certain risks is conducted through committees of the Board, our full Board retains responsibility for risk oversight and no individual committee has been delegated responsibility for such function. Our Board receives reports at each regularly scheduled Board meeting by each committee chair regarding each committee’s considerations and actions, as well as regular reports directly from our senior management team regarding particular risks that may impact Safeguard. This allows our Board and its committees to coordinate the risk oversight role and to keep our Board timely apprised of all risks that might impact Safeguard’s business.

Communications with Safeguard’s Board. Any shareholder or other interested party may communicate with our Board or any specified non-management director(s) by addressing the communication as follows:

c/o Corporate Secretary

Safeguard Scientifics, Inc.

One150 N. Radnor Corp. Center, Suite 110Chester Rd.

100 Matsonford RoadSTE F-200

Radnor, PA 19087

All communications are initially reviewed by the Corporate Secretary. The Chair of the Audit Committee is advised promptly of any such communication that alleges misconduct on the part of Safeguard’s management or raises legal, ethical or compliance concerns about Safeguard’s policies or practices. Typically, we do not forward to our independent directors communications from our shareholders or other communications which are of a personal nature or not related to the duties and responsibilities of the Board, including, without limitation, business plan or other business opportunity submissions, inquiries related to products or services provided by Safeguard’s companies, spam, junk mail and mass mailings, resumes and other forms of job inquiries, surveys or polls, business solicitations or advertisements, and any material that relates to improper or irrelevant topics or is unduly hostile, threatening, illegal or similarly unsuitable.

Process for Shareholders to Recommend Potential Director Candidates. In addition to its other responsibilities, the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for screening potential director candidates and recommending qualified candidates to the Board for nomination. The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee may use any number of methods to identify and evaluate potential director nominees, including personal, management and industry contacts; recruiting firms; and candidates recommended by shareholders.

The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee considers properly submitted shareholder recommendations of director candidates in substantially the same manner as it considers director candidate recommendations from other sources. Any shareholder recommendation must include the following: the nominee’s name and the information about the nominee that would be required in a proxy statement under the SEC’s rules; information about the relationship between the nominee and the recommending shareholder; proof of the number of shares of Safeguard common stock that the recommending shareholder owns and the length of time the shares of Safeguard common stock have been owned; and a letter from the nominee consenting to serve, if elected, as a director.

Recommendations should be addressed to the Chairperson, Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee:

c/o Corporate Secretary

Safeguard Scientifics, Inc.

One150 N. Radnor Corp. Center, Suite 110Chester Rd.

100 Matsonford RoadSTE F-200

Radnor, PA 19087

Board Compensation. Through September 30, 2019,During 2022, each of our non-employee directors was compensated for his or her service as a director through cash payments as shown in the table below:

Effective for the periods beginning October 1, 2019, theThe foregoing amounts for services as a director were no longerare not paid in cash. In lieu of cash such amountsand are instead paid in the form of our common stock-basedstock based upon the average closing price of a share of our common stock on NASDAQ (or, prior to Safeguard’s listing on NASDAQ, the New York Stock Exchange composite tapetape) for the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the grant date.

Directors’ fees are paid quarterly, in arrears, and retainers are prorated based on actual days of service relative to a full year of Board service or the service period during which the fees were in effect. We also reimburse our directors for expenses they incur, if any, to attend our Board and committee meetings and for attendance at one director continuing education program during each calendar year or the reasonable cost of one year’s membership in an organization that is focused on director education.

In connection with the Compensation Committee’s review of the compensation of the non-employee directors, effective as of July 1, 2018, the Compensation Committee and the Board changed the annual equity grant to non-employee directors from a fixed number of deferred stock units (“DSUs”) having a value of $85,000 to a number of shares of restricted stock having a value of $75,000, based upon the average closing price of a share of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape for the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the grant date. Consistent with this policy, each non-employeeEach director serving on the Board on June 30, 2019July 1, 2022 also received 6,09518,942 shares of restricted stock, which had a value of $75,000 based upon the average closing price of a share of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape for the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding June 30, 2019. TheJuly 1, 2022. These annual restricted stock service grants are fully vested at issuance for directors who have reached age 65 and otherwise vest on the first anniversary of the grant date or, if earlier, once a director reaches age 65.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to Mr. Lubert’s stated commitment to donate all of the compensation paid by Safeguard to him for his service on the Board, all equity-based compensation otherwise payable to Mr. Lubert for services performed during 2019 was instead paid by Safeguard in the form of a cash payment in like amount to a charitable organization mutually agreed upon by Mr. Lubert and Safeguard.

Safeguard also maintainsmaintained a Group Deferred Stock Unit Program for Directors (“Directors’ DSU Program”), which was applicable when directors received cash compensation for their Board service and allowed each outside director, at his or her election, to receive DSUs in lieu of the cash retainers when such cash retainers were paid to the directors, as described above, for service on the Board and its committees (“Directors’ Fees”). The deferral election applied to Directors’ Fees to be received for the calendar year following the year in which the election was made and remained in effect for each subsequent year unless the director elected otherwise by the end of the calendar year prior to the year in which the services were rendered. The number of DSUs awarded was determined by dividing the Directors’ Fees by the fair market value of Safeguard’s stock on the date on which the director would have otherwise received the Directors’ Fees. Each director also received a number of matching DSUs, based on the same fair market value calculation, equal to 25% of the Directors’ Fees deferred. A director iswas always fully vested in DSUs awarded in lieu of Directors’ Fees deferred; the matching DSUs were fully vested at grant for directors who have reached age 65 and otherwise vested on the first anniversary of the date the matching DSUs were credited to the director’s account or, if earlier, once a director reaches age 65. Each DSU entitlesentitled the director to receive one share of Safeguard common stock following the date upon which the director leavesleft the Board. A director also maycould elect to receive the stock in annual installments over a period of up to five years after leaving the Board. For 2019, no directors elected to defer Directors’ Fees under this program.

Director Compensation – 2019. 2022. The following table provides information on compensation earned for services provided during 20192022 by each non-employee director who served on our Board at any time during 2019:2022:

Stock Ownership Guidelines. Each non-employee director is expected to own a number of shares of our stock having a value at least equal to a designated multiple of the annual retainer paid to such director for service on our Board. Such ownership is expected to be achieved within the later of five years after an individual’s election to our Board or the fifth anniversary following any increase in the required multiple of the annual retainer. Since 2012, the equity position threshold in our stock that is required to be held by non-employee directors is three times the annual cash Board retainer. No sales of stock are permitted during the period in which the ownership requirement has not been met (except for limited stock sales to meet tax obligations), without the approval of the Board. Shares counted toward these guidelines include:

For purposes of calculating the value to be used in monitoring compliance with the ownership guidelines, we utilize (a) the greater of the current value or the cost basis of purchased shares; (b) the greater of the current value or fees deferred in connection with vested DSUs; and (c) our trailing six-month average share price in determining Net Option Value.

Based on information they have provided to us, Ms. Morrison and Dr. Rosenthal haveeach non-employee director serving on the Board during 2022 has achieved the required ownership levels. Mr. Glass, who joined our Board in 2018, and Mr. Manko, who joined our Board in 2019, have not yet achieved the required ownership levels.

PROPOSAL NO. 2 – NON-BINDING, ADVISORY VOTE ON NAMED EXECUTIVE
OFFICER COMPENSATION

Consistent with our Board’s initial determination, in 2011, in 2017 our Board again determined that an annual advisory “say-on-pay” vote on executive compensation would be the most appropriate alternative for Safeguard and approximately 81% of the votes cast by our shareholders at our 2017 annual meeting were voted in favor of future advisory say-on-pay votes being held annually.

Accordingly, pursuant to Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, we are providing our shareholders with the opportunity to endorse or not endorse Safeguard’s 20192022 executive compensation as described in this proxy statement. Shareholders also may abstain from voting.

In considering your vote, we invite you to review the Compensation Discussion and Analysis beginning on page 2124 of this proxy statement. As described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the purpose of Safeguard’s compensation policies and procedures is to attract and retain experienced, highly qualified executives crucial to Safeguard’s long-termultimate success and enhancement of shareholder value. The Compensation Committee has developed an executive compensation program designed to pay for performance and to align the long-term interests of our named executive officers with the long-term interests of our shareholders. The vote is intended to provide an overall assessment of our executive compensation program rather than focus on any specific item of compensation.

Our Board recommends that shareholders indicate their support for the 20192022 executive compensation afforded to Safeguard’s named executive officers by voting FOR the following resolution:

“RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to Safeguard’s named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables and related narrative disclosure included in this proxy statement, is hereby APPROVED.”

This vote will not be binding on our Board or the Compensation Committee and may not be construed as overruling a decision by our Board or the Compensation Committee or imply any additional fiduciary duty on our Board. Further, it will not affect any compensation paid or awarded to any executive.

Recommendation of the Board of Directors

Our Board of Directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the approval of the compensation paid to Safeguard’s named executive officers in 20192022 as disclosed in this proxy statement.

PROPOSAL NO. 3 - NON-BINDING, ADVISORY VOTE CONCERNING THE FREQUENCY OF THE NON-BINDING, ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Pursuant to the proxy rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as required by the Dodd-Frank Act, Safeguard is required, no less frequently than once every six years, to put to shareholders a non-binding, advisory shareholder vote concerning the frequency of future advisory votes concerning executive compensation. Safeguard shareholders may indicate whether they would prefer an advisory vote concerning executive compensation every one (annually), two (biennially) or three (triennially) years. Shareholders also may abstain from voting. Accordingly, Safeguard shareholders are being asked to approve the following resolution:

“RESOLVED, that the shareholders’ non-binding, advisory vote concerning executive compensation shall occur every year, as approved by the shareholders at the annual meeting of shareholders.”

As provided by the Dodd-Frank Act, this vote will not be binding on the Board or the Compensation Committee and may not be construed as overruling a decision by the Board or the Compensation Committee nor imply any additional fiduciary duty on the Board. However, the Compensation Committee and the Board recognize the importance of receiving input from Safeguard’s shareholders on important issues and expect to take into account the outcome of the vote when considering the frequency with which future say-on-pay votes will be held. So long as a quorum representing a majority of our outstanding voting stock is present, either in person or by proxy, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by all the shareholders entitled to vote for the proposal will determine our shareholders preference for the frequency of advisory votes on executive compensation in the future.

Safeguard’s Board is recommending an annual non-binding, advisory vote concerning executive compensation because the Compensation Committee reviews and considers executive compensation and Safeguard’s compensation policies and procedures on an annual basis. As a result, the Board believes that input from shareholders concerning executive compensation annually, although not binding, would be beneficial to the Compensation Committee as it considers these matters. Shareholders may cast their vote on the frequency of advisory votes on executive compensation for one of the following four choices: every one, two or three years, or abstain. Shareholders are voting on one of these frequencies and are not voting to approve or disapprove Safeguard’s recommendation.

SAFEGUARD’S BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR”

AN ANNUAL NON-BINDING, ADVISORY VOTE CONCERNING EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Executive Summary

Our Compensation Committee (for purposes of this discussion, the “Committee”) is responsible for establishing our company-wide compensation philosophy and practices, for determining the compensation for our “named executive officers,”officers” and for approving the compensation for our other senior executives, based on the recommendations of our President and Chief Executive Officer. This Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes our executive compensation program and the compensation decisions made for 20192022 for our named executive officers.

In January 2018, Safeguard announced that, effective immediately, Safeguard would cease makingceased deploying capital deployments into any new opportunities and that it wouldin order to focus on supporting its efforts on managing and financially supporting the existing companies in which it had an ownership interestinterests (such companies are referred to throughout this Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) as our companies“companies” or Safeguard’s or its companies) so that“companies”) and maximizing monetization and other strategic opportunities to enable Safeguard could maximize monetization opportunities for the interests in its companies andto return value to its shareholders. This strategy is sometimes referred to in this CD&A as the “New Strategy.“Strategy.”

At December 31, 2019,2022, there were two individuals serving as named executive officers of Safeguard:

Our senior executive group is currently comprised of a total of fivethree executives, including our current two named executive officers. This CD&A also describes programs that apply to our senior executive group as a whole.

Recent Business Highlights

Recent business highlights are included below because the Committee believes senior executive compensation should correlate with Safeguard’s performance.

Overall, the Committee determined that Safeguard executed well against the New Strategy in 2019.

Key 20192022 Compensation Decisions

Effective Corporate Governance Principles

Below is a summary of what we did and what we did not do relating to executive compensation during 2019:2022:

WHAT WE DID:

WHAT WE DIDN’T DO:

The Committee reviews our compensation philosophy each year to ensure that its principles and objectives are aligned with our overall business strategy and aligned with the interests of our shareholders. We seek to apply a consistent philosophy across our executive group, not just among our named executive officers.

Compensation Philosophy and Objectives

In January 2018, Safeguard announced the New Strategy. See “New Strategy - Changes in Compensation Policies and Practices” below. In furtherance of such new strategy, ourOur overall goals in compensating our executives in 2019 were similar to those established in 2018 and2022 were as follows:

Our executive compensation program in 2019 was intended to:

Role of the Compensation Committee in Compensation Decisions

The Committee is responsible for the design of our executive compensation program and for making decisions regarding our named executive officers’ compensation. The Committee also makes, or has final approval authority regarding, all compensation decisions for our other senior executives. Annually, the Committee reviews executive compensation practices, including the methodology for setting total named executive officers’ compensation, the goals of the program and the overall compensation philosophy for Safeguard. In setting executive compensation and designing our overall compensation program in 2019, the Committee considered the data and advice provided by its independent compensation consultant (as well as information that may be provided by management) to determine the appropriate level, on an absolute and relative basis, of compensation, as well as the mix of compensation components. The Committee has looked to competitive information for guidance rather than rigid adherence to specific percentages. The Committee believes that the overall objectives of its compensation philosophy are better achieved through flexibility. The Committee ultimately makes decisions regarding executive compensation based on its assessment of Safeguard’s performance and the achievement of its companies’ and corporate goals.

The Committee is also responsible for approving and granting equity awards to our directors, executives, employees and, from time to time, other independent advisors and consultants. The Committee’s responsibilities are more fully described in its charter, which is available at www.safeguard.com/governance.https://ir.safeguard.com/corporate-governance/documents-charters/.

Role of Executive Officers in Compensation Decisions

Within the parameters approved by the Committee each year and any applicable existing employment agreements, our President and Chief Executive Officer is responsible for evaluating and settingrecommending compensation for our other employees, including annually assessing the performance of each other employee. In determining the compensation of our executives, the Committee considers our President and Chief Executive Officer’s assessment and recommendations. However, other than for compensation that has been established contractually or under quantitative formulas established by the Committee each year under our management incentive program, the Committee exercises its own discretion in determining whether to accept or modify our President and Chief Executive Officer’s recommendations. These individuals are not present when the Committee and our President and Chief Executive Officer review their performance or when the Committee makes its determinations concerning their compensation.

Role of Consultant

During 2019, as in recent years, the Committee engaged Semler Brossy Consulting Group, LLC, an independent compensation consulting firm, to assist the Committee by providing compensation expertise regarding peer group analysis and compensation data, helping the Committee select appropriate performance measures and goals and advising the Committee regarding evolving compensation best practices and trends. Semler Brossy does not provide services to Safeguard other than those provided to the Committee. Semler Brossy reported to and acted at the direction of, and attended selected meetings as requested by, the Chairperson of the Committee.

The Committee, which has the sole authority to hire and terminate its consultant, evaluates the performance of its consultant annually. In 2019, the Committee considered whether Semler Brossy was “independent,” pursuant to SEC and NYSE rules and our corporate governance documents, and determined that Semler Brossy and its consultants meet those independence standards. In addition, based on its evaluation of Semler Brossy’s independence and information provided by Semler Brossy, the Committee also determined in 2019 that Semler Brossy’s services did not present any conflict of interest. 

The Committee has utilized the services of Semler Brossy since 2008. Semler Brossy is compensated on an hourly billing basis. Invoices are directed to and reviewed and approved by the Chairperson of the Committee before payment by Safeguard.

Setting Executive Compensation

The Committee believes that a very significant portion of each executive’s total compensation should be variable or “at-risk.” The Committee also believes that a significant portion of our Chief Executive Officer’s total compensation should be paid in the form of equity. It is the view of the Committee that the greater the ability of an executive (based on role and responsibilities at Safeguard) to impact Safeguard’s achievement of its short- and long-term objectives, the greater the percentage of such executive’s overall compensation that should be “at-risk.”“at-risk” or paid in the form of equity. In 2019,2022, the Committee principally utilized variable/at-risk cashequity-based compensation to pursue its objectives in this regard.

Safeguard management provides the Committee with comprehensive tally sheets on an annual basis to facilitate the Committee’s review of the total compensation of our named executive officers and other senior executives. Specifically, with regard to our named executive officers, the Committee annually reviews each element of total compensation and compares them to comparable elements at a group of specific companies and industries against which we believe we compete for talent and for shareholder investment, including the venture capital and private equity industries. The Committee also reviews each element of compensation by reference to industry-specific compensation surveys. Recognizing that our new business strategy, industry focus and diverse array of our companies make comparisons to other companies difficult, and based on the inherent challenge in matching companies, job positions and skill sets, the Committee has looked to competitive information for general guidance rather than rigid adherence to specific percentages. The Committee has determined that the overall objectives of our compensation philosophy are better achieved through flexibility in determining pay levels to address differences in duties and responsibilities, individual experience, skill levels and achievements and any retention concerns.

For further discussion of setting executive compensation, see “New“The Strategy - Changes in Compensation Policies and Practices” below.

Outcome of the 20192022 Say-on-Pay Vote and Shareholder Outreach

At our 20192022 annual meeting of shareholders, our shareholders approved the compensation of our named executive officers, with approximately 69%81% of shareholder votes being cast in favor of our say-on-pay proposal on executive compensation. The Committee will continue to consider the outcome of our shareholders’ advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder feedback when making future compensation decisions for our named executive officers.

20192022 Compensation Program

During 2019,2022, the Committee used the following principal elements of executive compensation to meet its overall goals:

Base Pay. Base pay is established initially on the basis of several factors, including market competitiveness; past practice; individual performance and experience; the level of responsibility assumed; the level of skills and experience that can be leveraged across our companies to facilitate their growth and success; and individual employment negotiations with executives. Each of our executive officers has an agreement with us that sets a minimum base salary.

Base salaries typically are reviewed annually (at the end of one year and the beginning of the upcoming calendar year) by the Committee, as well as in connection with a promotion or other changes in job responsibilities. As part of adjusting base salary levels of our executives for 2018, the Committee took into account the New Strategy as well as the proxy peer group and survey data provided by Semler Brossy, including market rates for Chief Executive Officers as compared to Chief Operating Officers (with respect to Mr. Sisko’s promotion from Chief Operating Officer to Chief Executive Officer at such time), United States economic conditions, in general, and changes in scope of job responsibility. Base salaries of our executives were not adjusted in 2019. Effective January 1, 2020,2022, Mr. Herndon’s and certain other executives’ annual base salary was increased by $10,000.from $270,000 to $285,000. Neither Mr. Sisko’sSalzman nor Mr. Herndon received increases in their base salary was not adjustedsalaries for 2020.the 2023 calendar year.

The Committee does not typically make adjustments to the base salary levels for our executives based on cost-of-living types of factors.

Annual Incentives.

General Philosophy.

We believe that short-term compensation (such as base salary and annual incentive awards) should not be based solely on the short-term performance of our stock, whether favorable or unfavorable, but also on our executives’ management of Safeguard towards achieving the annual goals that we believe will contribute to shareholder value.

Incentive Opportunity.Opportunity for Chief Executive Officer.

Effective April 1, 2020, Safeguard appointed Mr. Salzman to the position of Chief Restructuring Officer to succeed Brian Sisko, Safeguard’s then President and Chief Executive Officer. Later, on December 21, 2020, Safeguard appointed Mr. Salzman to the position of Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Salzman does not participate in Safeguard’s Management Incentive Program (“MIP”). Instead, Mr. Salzman receives significant equity-based compensation. The initial six-month period (i.e., April 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020) of Mr. Salzman’s employment included equity-based compensation that consisted of: (i) a fully vested stock grant of 8,000 shares of Safeguard’s common stock, (ii) 20,000 additional shares of Safeguard’s common stock, which vested during such period, and (iii) an additional 17,000 shares of Safeguard’s common stock, which were issued at the end of such initial six-month period. Following such initial six-month period, Mr. Salzman received: (i) a restricted stock award of 75,000 shares of Safeguard’s common stock, which vested and was paid ratably on a monthly basis through December 31, 2021, and (ii) a performance stock unit grant representing a right to receive up to 120,000 shares of Safeguard’s common stock, which would vest if certain performance criteria were achieved by December 31, 2021. After reviewing Safeguard’s performance against such criteria, in January 2022, the Committee approved the vesting of 85,000 of such performance stock units.

Effective January 1, 2022, Mr. Salzman received an additional restricted stock award of 60,000 shares of Safeguard’s common stock, which vested and was paid ratably on a monthly basis through December 31, 2022, and a performance stock unit grant representing a right to receive 80,000 shares of Safeguard’s common stock, which would vest based on the Committee’s discretion and if certain performance criteria were achieved by December 31, 2022, subject to Mr. Salzman’s continued employment. After reviewing Safeguard’s performance against such criteria, the Committee approved the vesting of 64,000 of such performance stock units.

Effective January 17, 2023, Mr. Salzman received an additional restricted stock award of 125,000 shares of Safeguard’s common stock, which will vest and be paid ratably on a monthly basis through December 31, 2023, subject to Mr. Salzman’s continued employment. Effective March 15, 2023, Mr. Salzman received an additional performance stock unit grant representing a right to receive 125,000 shares of Safeguard’s common stock, which will vest based on the Committee’s discretion and if certain performance criteria are achieved by December 31, 2023, subject to Mr. Salzman’s continued employment.

Incentive Opportunity for other Officers.

The Committee annually awards bonuses to our other executives under Safeguard’s Management Incentive Program (“MIP”).the MIP. The MIP is designed to provide a variable short-term incentive to our named executive officers and our other executives and employees principally based on Safeguard’s annual performance and/or individual achievement. These awards are determined annually following the end of each calendar year based on the Committee’s assessment of the achievement of objectives established at the beginning of the year. Payments may be made in cash and/or equity, in the Committee’s discretion. The awards have beenfor the 2022 calendar year were paid solelyone-half in cash and one-half in recent years.shares of Safeguard’s common stock. Neither the actual awards to be made under the MIP nor the minimum long-term value of any equity grants made is guaranteed.

For 2019,2022, the Committee determined that our named executive officers and other senior executives participating in the MIP would be eligible to receive an award under the MIP based fully on the achievement by Safeguard of corporate objectives.objectives as well as personal performance. Other employees also participated in our 20192022 MIP based fully on the achievement by Safeguard of corporate objectives.objectives as well as personal performance. The Committee may adjust the relative weightings of corporate and, when applicable, individual objectives for specified employees under our MIP, including our named executive officers, in the future in light of Safeguard’s overall compensation goals.

We believe that short-term compensation (such as base salary and annual incentive awards under the MIP) should not be based solely on the short-term performance of our stock, whether favorable or unfavorable, but also on our executives’ management of Safeguard towards achieving the annual goals that we believe will contribute to shareholder value.2022 MIP Performance Measures.

2019 Performance Measures.The Committee established specific performance-based corporate and target metrics for our companies based principally uponperformance criteria under the most pressing components of2022 MIP, incenting the New Strategy: monetization of our company interests, follow-on deployment management, expenses management, performance metrics relatedsenior executives participating in the MIP to our companies,deliver a strategic plan that would enable Safeguard to return of capitalvalue to its shareholders and total shareholder return.ensure that redundancy plans were in place for each such executive’s position at Safeguard. Within the specific parameters of the 20192022 MIP, the Committee also reserved a significant level of discretion generally and in reaching final determinations of achievement levels attained. The determination to reserve such discretion and flexibility arose from the Committee’s belief that, given Safeguard’s business activities, as circumstances change throughout a given fiscal year, on a macro and/or a micro level, specific/rigid formulas or guidelines for measuring achievement set in the beginning of a year, if strictly applied, may well incent activity that does not result in, or compensation grants that do not match, actual shareholder value creation and that the execution of the New Strategy would likely entail the arising of unforeseen circumstances. The award criteria finally adopted werewas designed to provide management with a meaningful guideline for meeting the Committee’s criteria for a target award, but not guarantee achievement or make achievement somewhat inevitable or impossible. This approach is also intended to provide the possibility of exceeding target awards and some economic recognition, albeit reduced, for near achievement of the target.

Consistent with their respective employment agreements and Safeguard’s overall compensation philosophy, and based upon multiple factors reviewed by the Committee, including an assessment of competitive compensation data in the market in which Safeguard competes for executive talent and to better align the interests of Safeguard management and our shareholders, the following target MIP awards for 20192022 were set for our named executive officers:

There were no mandatory minimum awards payable under the 20192022 MIP, and awards were paid based upon the Committee’s determination of the level of achievement of the applicable corporate objectives and personal objectives.

Determination of 20192022 Payouts. In late 2019 and early 2020,2022, the Committee reviewed Safeguard’s corporate performance against the corporate objectives set forth below.described above and the personal achievement of the senior executives participating in the MIP. The Committee approved an 87%a combined achievement level in overall corporate performanceof 95% (against targeted amounts). for the senior executives participating in the MIP.

Corporate Objectives:

Based on its assessment of the achievement of the 20192022 MIP corporate and personal objectives, the Committee authorized the following individual awards to Safeguard’s named executive officers (with the final payouts conditioned upon the completion of the audit of our 2019 consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting without any unexpected material adjustments, each of which has now occurred).officers. The Committee determined to pay 2019the 2022 MIP payments to our executives solelyone-half in cash.cash and one-half in shares of Safeguard’s common stock.

Long-Term Incentives.

In 2019 the Committee did not issue any equity awards to employees. In February 2019, the Committee adopted the Amended and Restated Transaction Bonus Plan (as discussed in more detail below).

Through 2017, the principal approach utilized by the Committee to meet the need for a long-term incentive component to Safeguard’s executive compensation program had been the granting of significant amounts of equity to our named executive officers. Our equity compensation plans allow for the grant of: (i) stock options, (ii) restricted stock, (iii) restricted stock units (which include deferred stock units (“DSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”)) and (iv) such other equity-based awards as the Committee may determine to be appropriate from time to time. The mix of the types of equity-based awards have varied from time to time.

Beginning in 2013, the Committee decided that equity grants in the form of restricted stock and restricted stock units would be the principal component of Safeguard’s long-term incentive program, although stock options have been granted from time to time. The decision to use primarily restricted stock and restricted stock units, a significant percentage of which have been subject to performance-based vesting based on the capital-return based vesting model (which the Committee initially implemented in 2008 and is discussed in more detail below) was based, in part, on a recommendation from the Committee’s compensation consultant to further align management’s interests with our shareholders’ interests and to create an appropriate balance for our senior executives between incentive and retention. The Committee also determined at that time that such capital-return based vesting model best aligned the long-term incentive award to the factors critical to the creation of shareholder value.

Entering 2017, the Committee once again determined to allocate equity grants (both initial and any annual grants) between (i) equity grants subject to performance-based vesting using the capital-return based vesting model, as discussed in more detail below, and (ii) equity grants subject to simple time-based vesting. It was the Committee’s view that allocating equity grants in this way aligned the long-term interests of Safeguard management and our shareholders and created a balance for our senior executives between incentive and retention. The Committee has always reserved the right to allocate equity grants in a different manner as circumstances dictate.

Our performance-based equity grants that remain outstanding are all subject to “capital-return based vesting.” The capital-return based vesting model vests the particular equity grants awarded based on aggregate cash returns received by Safeguard from the ultimate monetizations of phantom “pools” of Safeguard’s companies that were typically first funded during the same calendar year in which those equity grants were made.

The capital-return based vesting model has evolved over time as conditions in the marketplace changed and as the Committee gained further experience with predicting intended or targeted outcomes. The basic capital-return based vesting model utilized entering 2017 provided that, subject to minimum time periods having expired with respect to grants that were granted on or after 2014, vesting will begin to occur once a minimum cash return hurdle with respect to the relevant company pool is reached and will continue to occur incrementally over time as cash returned on the relevant company pool approaches targeted levels. In all instances since the inception of the capital-return based vesting model, adjustments are made to the required cash return hurdle amounts if and when Safeguard deploys additional capital into any of the companies included in the relevant pool of companies.

For the performance-based equity grants that were granted through 2013, vesting of such grants begins to occur after cash proceeds received by Safeguard from the ultimate monetization of the pool of companies applicable to such grants equals the aggregate capital deployed by Safeguard in such pool of companies plus an amount approximating Safeguard’s annual overhead (“allocated overhead”). Proceeding on a linear basis from that point, all such grants will fully vest upon the achievement of a predetermined target amount of proceeds that must be received by Safeguard from the ultimate monetization of the pool of companies applicable to such grants. For such performance-based equity grants made through 2012, such predetermined target amounts of proceeds needed for full vesting are equal to 3 times the aggregate capital deployed by Safeguard in the relevant pool of companies (plus allocated overhead). For such performance-based equity grants made in 2013, such predetermined target amounts of proceeds needed for full vesting are equal to 2.4 times the aggregate capital deployed by Safeguard in the relevant pool of companies (plus allocated overhead). The foregoing change in target amounts for full vesting (i.e., 2.4 times capital deployed for 2013 deployments versus 3 times capital deployed for deployments through 2012) was due to the Committee’s determination that such a reduction was appropriate given the overall lower returns experienced generally within the venture capital and private equity markets since 2008. For the same reason, the Committee decided to further revise the predetermined target amounts of proceeds needed for initial vesting and full vesting for performance-based equity grants that were granted starting in 2014, and also considered the actual vesting that was occurring over time relating to the company pools previously created in the earliest years of the capital-return based vesting model as well as market feedback regarding Safeguard’s long-term incentive program.

For performance-based equity grants that were granted from 2014 through 2017, the predetermined target amounts of proceeds that must be received by Safeguard from the ultimate monetizations of the applicable pool of companies before any vesting occurs for such equity grants was raised to 1.25 times the aggregate capital deployed by Safeguard in the applicable pool of companies (plus allocated overhead). Subject to minimum time periods having been reached as described below, such performance-based equity grants will vest, as follows:

* Notwithstanding the above vesting thresholds, so as to ensure against the unlikely possibility that performance-based equity grants do not vest too quickly (for example, if cash proceeds relating to a particular pool are achieved very soon after the equity grant date), the Committee required that such performance-based equity grants not vest (or cash amounts be paid) more quickly than based upon the following schedule following grant:

In addition, recipients must be actively employed/providing service to Safeguard through such dates.

**Cash amounts will continue to accrue/be paid at the rate of 25% of performance grant values for each .25x of additional return of deployed capital in the applicable pool; provided, however, no cash amounts shall accrue/be payable to any participant who is considered a named executive officer (for reporting purposes under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) relating to any returns of capital beyond 3x deployed capital in the applicable pool, effectively capping the combined equity and cash incentive payout for named executive officers at 200%. No further vesting or cash accruals/payments will be made beyond the term of the grant, which is 10 years following the grant date.

Because no deployments were made in 2017 into new companies and, therefore, a pool of new companies to measure performance against did not exist, for the grants made in 2017, the Committee chose to award equity incentives solely in the form of restricted stock grants subject to time-based vesting in amounts that were lower than those granted in 2016 and also below average competitive levels. No equity incentives were awarded in 2018 or 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, the following vesting under capital-return based vesting grants had been achieved: 

More information regarding transaction bonus awards made to our named executive officers in February 2019 can be found below under “Executive Compensation — Grants of Plan-Based Awards – 2019” as well as “New Strategy - Changes in Compensation Policies and Practices.”

The Committee annually reviews the equity awards held by our executives and other employees and also may consider awards periodically during a year in an effort to retain and motivate employees and to ensure continuing alignment of executive and shareholder interests. Grants may be made at regularly scheduled meetings or at special meetings convened to approve compensation arrangements for newly hired executives or for executives who have been promoted or are otherwise subject to changes in responsibilities. Any stock options granted are granted with an exercise price equal to the average of the high and low trading prices of our common stock on the date of grant. For administrative convenience, the Committee has adopted a policy of generally issuing approved grants on the last business day of the quarter for new hires and on the last business day of the month in which grants are approved by the Committee for all other grants.

Perquisites (fringe benefits). During 2019,2022, we provided life insurance coverage ranging from $750,000 to $1,000,000 to each of our named executive officers at a total cost of $6,212.$5,184. Our named executive officers also are eligible to participate in the fringe benefits that Safeguard may offer, from time to time, on a non-discriminatory basis to all of our employees.

Severance and Change-in-Control Arrangements

During 2019,2022, each of our current named executive officers, respectively, werewas a party to an employment agreement with Safeguard.  Mr. Sisko’sSalzman’s current employment agreement provides for a term of employment through December 31, 2020,2023, following which he will be an “employee-at-will.” Mr. Herndon is an “employee-at-will” since his employment agreement does not provide for a term of employment.  Such employment agreements with Safeguard provide for certain severance benefits in the event of termination of employment by Safeguard without “cause” or in the case of Mr. Sisko’s employment agreement, by the officer for “good reason” (as defined in the agreements).  See “Executive Compensation—Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below for a summary of the specific benefits that each named executive officer will receive upon the occurrence of a termination event.

Key Employee Compensation Recoupment Policy

In April 2013, the Board approved a Key Employee Compensation Recoupment Policy (the “Recoupment Policy”). Under the Recoupment Policy, we have the right to require any “key employee” to reimburse to Safeguard all or any part of an amount equal to any cash incentive award, and/or to forfeit all or any part of any equity grant (whether vested or not), awarded, paid and/or made to such key employee within three years of a “Triggering Event” under the Recoupment Policy. For purposes of the Recoupment Policy, the term “key employee” means each of our named executive officers, each other Safeguard employee who holds the title of Vice President or above, and our controller and assistant controller. A “Triggering Event” is one or more of the following, as determined by the Board or the Committee, in its sole discretion: (i) it is determined that (a) a key employee engaged in any fraud, misconduct, gross negligence or ethical misconduct which resulted in a financial restatement by Safeguard, or any material adverse impact on Safeguard, and (b) the key employee received any cash incentive award or equity grant from Safeguard, the payment or issuance of which was based in whole or in part on such actions of the key employee; or (ii) it is determined that Safeguard’s consolidated financial statements or any other metric utilized by the Committee to establish, in whole or in part, a cash incentive award or equity grant to the key employee were inaccurate due, in whole or in part, to the fraud, misconduct, gross negligence or ethical misconduct of the key employee. The Committee will administer and enforce the Recoupment Policy on behalf of Safeguard and has broad, sole discretionary authority to interpret and to make determinations with respect to the Recoupment Policy. The Committee’s determinations will be final and binding on all key employees and other persons.

The Recoupment Policy was adopted in furtherance of the commitment by the Committee and the Board to sound executive compensation practices and effective corporate governance, and not in response to any particular situation or circumstance. Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires the SEC to promulgate regulations applicable to public companies that require the recovery of incentive compensation in the event of a financial statement restatement and certain other circumstances. The Board intends to review the Recoupment Policy following SEC adoption of final rules to implement Section 954 of Dodd-Frank and the effectiveness of the applicable NYSENASDAQ listing standards to ensure compliance.

Deductibility of Executive Compensation

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) generally disallows a tax deduction to public companies for compensation in excess of $1 million paid to any of the companies’ chief executive officer and certain other NEOs.named executive officers. Prior to the effectiveness of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, performance-based compensation satisfying certain requirements was not subject to this deduction limitation. Effective January 1, 2018, the performance-based compensation exception is not available to public companies, except for certain limited grandfathered arrangements.  We periodically reviewed potential consequences of Section 162(m) and, prior to January 1, 2018, the stock options and PSUs awarded under our equity compensation plan were intended to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m).

Stock Ownership Guidelines

Our Board has established stock ownership guidelines that are designed to closely align the long-term interests of our named executive officers and other senior executives with the long-term interests of our shareholders. During 20192022 our ownership guidelines were as follows:

The Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee monitors compliance with the ownership requirements as of the end of each calendar year. Shares counted toward these guidelines include:

For purposes of calculating the value to be used in monitoring compliance with the ownership guidelines, we utilize (a) the greater of the current value or the cost basis of purchased shares or vested restricted stock units/restricted stock awards as to which the executive has declared income and paid taxes; and (b) our trailing six-month average share price in determining Net Option Value.

The stock ownership guidelines in effect in 20192022 provided that each executive generally must meet the stock ownership requirement by December 31^st of the year of the fifth anniversary of the event triggering the stock ownership requirement (or any increase in the stock ownership requirement). Due to the New Strategy, in March 2019, the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee eliminated the specific timeframe by which our named executive officers and other senior executives must satisfy the stock ownership requirements; provided that no sales of Safeguard stock by our named executive officers and other senior executives are permitted until the stock ownership requirement is met (except for (i) limited stock sales to meet tax obligations)obligations and (ii) sales of shares awarded under the management incentive program) without the approval of the Board or our Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. As of the date of this proxy statement, our named executive officers have not yet achieved the required stock ownership level.

Prohibition on Speculation in Safeguard Stock

Safeguard’s policy on securities trading prohibits our executive officers, directors, and other employees from engaging in activities with regard to our stock that can be considered as speculative, including but not limited to, short selling (profiting if the market price of our securities decreases); buying or selling publicly traded options (e.g., a put option, which is an option or right to sell stock at a specific price prior to a specified date, or a call option, which is an option or right to buy stock at a specific price prior to a specified date); and hedging or any other type of derivative arrangement that has a similar economic effect. Our executive officers and directors also are prohibited from pledging, directly or indirectly, our common stock or the stock of any of our companies, as collateral for indebtedness.

NewThe Strategy - Changes in Compensation Policies and Practices

In January 2018, Safeguard announced its New Strategy. Under the New Strategy, effective immediately, Safeguard ceased makingdeploying capital deployments into any new opportunities and focused its effortsin order to focus on managing and financially supporting its existing companiesownership interests and maximizing monetization and other strategic opportunities to enable returning value to shareholders. Initiatives considered to do so that it could maximize monetization opportunities for itsinclude, among others: the sale of our ownership interests, the sale of certain or all of our ownership interests in existing companies and returnsecondary market transactions, or a combination thereof, as well as other strategic opportunities to maximize shareholder value to its shareholders. (the “Strategy”).

In connection with the New Strategy, on April 6, 2018, the Committee approved, and the Board adopted, the Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. Transaction Bonus Plan, which was amended and restated as the Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. Amended and Restated Transaction Bonus Plan (the “LTIP”), which was approved and adopted on February 18, 2019.2019 and further amended effective May 29, 2020. The purpose of the LTIP is to better promote the interests of Safeguard and its shareholders by providing a definitive incentive to employees to maximize the value of Safeguard in connection with the execution of the New Strategy.

Under the LTIP, participants, which include certain current and former employees, may receive a contingent right to receive a payment under the LTIP from a cash bonus pool. The bonus pool becomes available only after cash consideration is received by Safeguard in connection with the sale or other liquidation of its assets, including the sale of interests in its companies. (“Sale Transaction(s)”).

Following a Sale Transaction, the bonus pool will be equal to, and participants will receive an aggregate of, 1.0%0.2% to 1.3% of the transaction consideration (as defined in the LTIP and set forth below) received by Safeguard in connection with the Sale Transaction, provided that (i) the cash bonus pool shall not be available until Safeguard has received a specified minimum amount of transaction consideration and (ii) each additional payment from the bonus pool will first require that Safeguard has received a further specified minimum amount of transaction consideration. The foregoing percentage is increased to 1.333% in the event the transaction consideration exceeds certain specified thresholds. In addition, the cash bonus pool will be equal to, and participants will receive, a specified minimum dollar amount upon the occurrence of a single transaction or a series of related transactions pursuant to which either (i) Safeguard sells, transfers or otherwise disposes of multiple assets representing, in the aggregate, a material portion of Safeguard’s assets (as determined in good faith by Safeguard’s Board of Directors) or (ii) Safeguard is sold, merged or consolidated with or into another company.

For purposes of the LTIP, “transaction consideration” means, in connection with a Sale Transaction(s), (i) the cash consideration received directly or indirectly by Safeguard, minus (ii) the sum of the commissions, fees and expenses payable to the Safeguard’s investment bankers and the amount of fees and expenses payable to Safeguard’s professional advisors in connection with the Sale Transaction. For purposes of Transaction Consideration, cash shall not be considered paid to Safeguard unless and until the cash has been received by Safeguard and shall include any cash received by Safeguard upon the sale of securities or other consideration received in connection with any Sale Transaction.

All current officers and employees of Safeguard are eligible to participate in the LTIP. The Board, in its sole discretion, determines the participants to whom awards are granted under the LTIP, and the amounts of the awards relating to the bonus pool, provided that any award made to an officer or employee may not be rescinded unless the officer or employee has been terminated for cause or the employee has resigned without good reason. On February 18, 2019, the Board approved awards under the LTIP to Brian J. Sisko, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, with a bonus pool percentage equal to 25%, and Mark A. Herndon, the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with a bonus pool percentage equal to 7%.

At the time of the adoption of the initial Transaction Bonus Plan on April 6, 2018, the Committee also awarded, to all holders of performance unit and stock unit awards previously granted under Safeguard’s 2014 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), dividend equivalents relating to such awards. The Committee awarded such dividend equivalents, meaning amounts determined by multiplying (i) the number of shares of Company stock or stock units subject to an award under the Plan by (ii) the per-share extraordinary dividend or distribution paid by Safeguard on its stock as described in Section 5(c) of the Plan (“Dividend Equivalents”), to grantees to the extent the grantees held any of the following awards under the Plan: (1) stock units that have not yet been vested and distributed, and (2) performance units that have not yet been vested and distributed. The Dividend Equivalents are subject to the same vesting terms and other conditions of the existing awards and will be governed by the terms of the existing award and the Plan.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONOn February 18, 2019, the Board approved an award under the LTIP to Mark A. Herndon, the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, with a bonus pool percentage equal to 7%. Mr. Salzman, the Company’s current Chief Executive Officer, has not received a fixed award under the LTIP, but he, like all LTIP participants, is eligible to receive any portion of a bonus pool that was not previously awarded to an LTIP participant.

Payments under the LTIP became due and payable for the first time during 2021. The total amount of these payments was $2,500,000. The LTIP payments made to Mr. Salzman and Mr. Herndon in 2021 were equal to $135,000 and $473,333, respectively (which is equal to 5.4% and 18.9%, respectively, of the total LTIP payments). No LTIP payments were made in 2022.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Summary Compensation Table — Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 20192022 and 20182021

The table below is a summary of total compensation paid to or earned by our named executive officers for the fiscal years ended December 31, 20192022 and 2018.2021. At December 31, 2019,2022, there were two individuals serving as named executive officers of Safeguard.